A Conversation with Kelly Carlin

I had the great pleasure of speaking with Kelly Carlin last week about her memoir release, A Carlin Home Companion: Growing Up With George, published by St. Martin's Press in September. She has been running around doing all sorts of interviews and publicity for the book, but took the time here to share some insights about her creative process and how she discovered her own techniques for writing the more challenging and painful parts of her story. She also had some wise and enlightening thoughts on why women in particular are coming together in creative spaces to write and share their personal stories.


Born in Dayton, Ohio in 1963,  KELLY CARLIN grew up watching her father, George Carlin, become a counter-culture hero with his comedy. As a child, Kelly explored her own creativity by writing skits and doing imitations (her Ethel Merman was quite good for an eight year old). She began her professional life in her teens working behind the scenes with her mother, Brenda, on various shows for HBO that continued into her twenties.

In 1993, at the ripe age of 30, she graduated from UCLA, Magna Cum Laude, with a B.A. in Communications Studies. While at UCLA, Kelly discovered her voice as a writer, which led her to a career in writing for film and TV with her husband Robert McCall.

After her mother's death in 1997, Kelly found her true calling - autobiographical storytelling- through her first one-woman show, “Driven To Distraction.” In 2001, Kelly stepped away from the entertainment business to pursue her masters in Jungian Depth Psychology from Pacifica Graduate institute. She studied mythology, Jungian psychology and the intersection of art and the sacred.

Kelly is a speaker, hosts The Kelly Carlin Show on SiriusXM, and "Waking from the American Dream" on SModcast Network, and has been touring her present one-woman show, “A Carlin Home Companion,” since 2011.  Her memoir, A Carlin Home Companion: Growing Up With George, was published by St. Martin's Press in September 2015. 

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Karin: Could you start by sharing in your own words how you would describe your memoir, “A Carlin Home Companion?”

Kelly: Oh yeah absolutely.  And I love that phrase “in your own words.”  My dad made fun of that once; like “who's words would I possibly be using?” is his response. It's such a great little thing in speech that we do that we don't even think about.

So this book for me was really put into motion by my desire to share what they say in AA, “My experience, strength and hope.”  I went through so much in my life and ended up on my feet, and with a sense of myself and some wisdom. And I really wanted a chance to share that and to give people who might be stuck in some of these similar situations a little bit of light at the end of the tunnel to walk through.  So that's really the impetus of where it came from.

And then since my dad died, what also has come up for me is to be able to share aspects of my father that he never shared with his fans so that people could get a real idea of the whole human being that he was; the father, the husband, the artist and the man. And then of course the dance we did; the father-daughter dance we did, putting aside my mother for a moment, around me finding my own power and strength and voice. And the dance I did in relationship to him and his career and his personality and my own expectations; I really wanted to share that, too.

How did you go about balancing his story versus your story? When you talk about it now it just seems so clear. Was it always that easy to distinguish?

I've been privileged to have had done some real work around this stuff because four-and-a-half years ago I began developing a solo show with the same title. And Paul Provenza, my director, helped me a lot; really us just trying to find the clear narrative. Now in the solo show, we do focus on my father a lot in the first half and I played videos of my dad's career. So he's on-stage in video form and then I'm telling family stories around those different eras. As the show progresses, less and less of the George Carlin shows up and more and more of my story shows up, which is somewhat similar in my book. My book's structured a bit differently, but what I've come to tell people about my solo show is people come for the George and they stay for the Kelly. So I have some experience around balancing these two narratives.  

But I knew I wanted this book to be my book and my editor wanted it to be my book. The fact that it's Carlin and there's a picture of me and my dad on the cover, yes that gets you more attention in a world of books where there are thousands of titles a year. To find a little niche on a bookshelf somewhere is important and to catch someone's eye is important, but it's not a biography of my dad.

I knew that this was my story. I knew that I would tell it from first a daughter's perspective, a child's perspective, and then adolescence, teen and then my twenties and then a maturing adult.

Actually when my dad's autobiography came out, we posthumously published it. It's called Last Words and it was really based on taped conversations with Tony Hendra who was a friend of my dad's and a great writer in his own right. And when I got the galley and there was a chapter on my mother, there was a chapter on some other different people in my dad's life and there was no chapter on me, I was heartbroken. I thought that my dad hadn't even talked about me. I was really confused. And Tony even said to me at that time, “I decided not to put a chapter in there of you because you have such a rich story to tell in your own right and I wanted people to be curious enough so that when your book does come out there would be a real hunger for it.”

Wow, that's great motivation, and endorsement.

Totally. And that's when I knew; it was like, “Oh yeah I do have a great story to tell and even Tony Hendra believes that.” So yeah that was part of my motivation.

During the process of writing the book, did you ever struggle with him upstaging it?

It's always been a delicate balance, and I spent a lot of my years defining myself up against my father and still do. I mean it's just a natural part of what happens. I think having the book out now I feel very relieved because it's done. It's like my story with my dad is done, you know? In reality it's about our whole family; my mother is a huge part of the story too. So it's really about a family struggling through some things and how we all end up healing each other as well as we can. And we're all humans; we don't heal perfectly. But the reality was, I knew what my narrative was; I knew where I wanted to end up, which is who I am today. The scaffolding of my solo show helped me with this a bit; I had to go back to really decide what do I put in?  And I had to put in the things about me where I was giving myself away. So a lot of my story is about giving myself away and living through my dad's shadow and having no sense of self and fighting for it and discovering it and finding my way.  

So it's all in there; the part of being stuck in the shadow and the part coming out of it. But I was really, really lucky that I had a publisher and an editor that said to me, “This is your story.” I don't think I would have signed up for anything else.

Does it feel exposing?

It feels a little weird at times, but as my friend Sara Benincasa reminded me the night before my book was published and I was absolutely freaking out, no matter what “I” in your memoir is a character and that every person in you memoir is a character and you are not that person and you are not your book and that it is after all a constructed reality like everything else is in our lives. And that really helped me. Yeah of course there are particulars out there, but I know that I shared those particulars because they were pertinent to my story and what obstacles I needed to overcome and how I overcame them. But I've always been a person strangely enough who's felt more comfortable telling a room full of strangers my secrets than sitting among my dad or my mother. That's part of our story in the Carlin family. Here my dad was this great truth teller on stage and yet because of the nature of the dysfunction and the alcoholism and the drug addiction we were all in denial all the time and we were all pretending. We were all really good at pretending everything was okay and just the irony of that. So that was my training in some ways. It's very strange.

Did it really make a difference that it was published after your dad had passed away?

For me yeah, absolutely.

In what way?

I've had freedom. I feel a real freedom. I think people who have parents who died understand the freedom that comes with that. Even if your parents are not famous and even if you're not looking to tell your story out in the world, there's something that happens. Obviously there's grief and loss; that is very real and very deep, but at the same time there's a little more space for a person on earth without your parents there. Part of the work to do after a parent's death is not only to understand that they are physically gone from your life and they're not there to kind of watch over your shoulder, but that whatever you have internalized about them whether real or not your job then is to get right with that internalized version of them, too. Because if it's an internalized negative version of them, their negative voice is still going to haunt you and it has nothing to do with the person; it's the thing that you've internalized. It's your inner work to do. So even after my mom died and then even after my dad died, I had work to do around that kind of stuff to really get into a right relationship with them and own up that the negative voice in my head from my dad even when he was alive which thought that, “Oh he's not going to like it if I write about this or I tell about this,” might have been true on some levels, but that was really my negative voice that I'd put on him. So it was just easier for me for him not to be here with me to do that work because of his fame and his place in the culture. He's such a force of reason and wisdom and truth-telling and all of that - that that was a lot for me to compete with while he was here.

If you were to point to the most challenging aspect of writing this book, what was it for you?

I think it was having to slow down enough to go into some traumatic themes in my life and to slow down enough so that I could articulate them as a writer so that the audience and the reader could really live it with me. And therefore then having to go into the pain of my past and re-live it, not just as a witness narrator but as a person living it in order to really be able to use language to describe what it feels like to be in the room with a person when your mother's angry and drunk. Or you're in the room with your abusive boyfriend; you're not sure what's going to happen kind of a moment. And really having to slow down and feel those things again and realize that, “Ah, ugh,” you know? So those were hard moments to do and not fun chapters to have to dig into, but I found a way certainly to do that and was lucky to have some kinds of exercises I could do that helped me do it in a way that was safe.

Can you share those exercises?

Yeah, one of which is an NLP exercise, which stands for Neuro-linguistic Programming. And what it is, is you do a visualization of yourself and become a witness to yourself, as if you're looking at your life and you figure out which direction is future and past for you. For me, my future is forward and my past is back; some people it's left and right. It changes for whatever your wiring is. And so you see your future laid out in front of you, you see your past laid out behind you, and you turn around and you go into your past. And I would go into my past and see the numbers, the years ticking off.  And so whatever event I was writing about, say it was my mother's alcoholism when she was really, really sick with it, you go back to a time before you were affected by the trauma and you're trauma free. And so it's not in your body and you connect to that feeling in your body as being trauma-free and then you take an angled trip down into this traumatic scene you want to be witnessing. So I did that and I was able to go into our family's home where we lived up in Tellem Drive in the Palisades where both my parents were crazy on drugs and alcohol and my mother almost died from alcoholism; it was like the darkest years of the Carlin life. And I was able to walk around the house trauma-free and go into every single room and remember all the furniture, where everything was. I mean it was absolutely an incredible experience of memory. And that allowed me then to feel safe enough in that space to go and find my alcoholic drunk mother in a room.

Wow.

Yeah. And then be able to really let the little girl be there with her and be able to write about what that feels like; what that feels like, what's in the air. So I wasn't re-traumatizing myself by doing it some other way. And it was a really effective tool for me.

No one had ever recommended doing it that way.  I just decided, “Well I'm going to try this,” because I knew I had to go back in this house and I was resisting writing that chapter. I was like, “Aggghhh! Who wants to fucking write about this shit,” you know? Because really all of your resistance comes up in your body and it's healthy and smart because it's trying to protect you. And so I kind of figured out this little mind game to do.

Thanks for sharing that.

As you know, I have been offering memoir workshops for a few years now, and I've been struck by how the participants are nearly all female. I know you feel strongly that there is a larger cultural shift going on in the 21st century around women owning and telling their stories. Can you speak to that?

Yeah sure. I think women, especially our mothers and our grandmothers and then all the way through the mother lines, haven't been part of the grander narrative of civilization. We play supporting roles; we play roles behind the scenes. Essential roles, I mean Jesus Christ we birth the babies. And through the millennia we supported the men who were the warriors and the leaders and the business tycoons and all that kind of stuff. Not saying that there weren't important women in history certainly, but history was written by men and therefore our stories have not been accessible to us. And so I think even we don't feel like we have stories. And so I really believe, especially in this Oprah-age, you know Oprah was one of the first women on TV in the mainstream media to start giving us a voice about our internal lives and what we're living and empowering women to come forward and tell their stories. I think about Phil Donahue also; he was doing that, too. But that was really the beginning of it.

There is this claiming; so much I hear women saying the phrase finding my voice. “I want to find my voice. I want to live my authentic life. I don't feel like I can express all of myself.” And I think this just comes from these unspoken, unseen, invisible rules of our culture, even though it is 2015 and we have come a long way baby, as they say. When you think about the full scope of human history, this is just the beginning of women finding their voices. I mean it's been a hundred years since women got the vote in this country, so it's not a long time. And so I think women are in great need to connect to other people's stories, to find a room safe enough to tell our stories. Virginia Woolf is the one who talked about a room of our own, that you have to feel safe in order to come out and tell these stories. Not only have we not been allowed to tell our stories, but that when we do come forward to tell our stories, we're then defined by the mainstream culture and we're seen as whatever; too emotional or too this or too that or whatever it is. But this is all changing and it's really actually an amazing, kind of a golden age for women.

Most of the heroes in our mythology and comic books and the media are these kind of male versions of heroes. But how heroic is it for a mother who will do anything to protect her children? Or the sacrifice that women have made in order to keep the world spinning forward? These are just as heroic.  

I think it's really a unique time, so it doesn't surprise me that women are showing up in these rooms and wanting to do this work. Part of the reason I write is to understand myself, so it's not surprising that women are turning to writing classes to find out who they are and to figure out their own relationship with themselves and what they believe, and who are they in the world and in our culture.

 

To learn more about Kelly Carlin, visit thekellycarlinsite.com

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A Conversation with Betsy Trapasso

I have long been waiting for the right time to introduce you to Betsy Trapasso, an End of Life guide, who has devoted her life's work to helping people and their families through the dying process. Her uniquely gifted spirit guides people to ensure that they have, what she calls, a peaceful death. This month I had the chance to talk with her about her newly launched organization called Death and the Arts, which is committed to creating death positive cultures by bringing artists together from all over the world to explore the topic of death. Read on below for our full conversation.


After receiving her Masters in Social Work from the University of Southern California in 1993, BETSY TRAPASSO began working as a hospice social worker in Los Angeles. She fell in love with this work and knew that she had found her calling. 

The first hospice facility in the US is in her hometown of Branford, Connecticut. Betsy's grandfather and mayor of Branford, John Sliney, fought to have Connecticut Hospice built there. He believed that the dying deserve to be treated with dignity and compassion. Betsy is carrying on his vision by working to change how we view and do death in the United States. In addition to her advocacy work, she now works as an End of Life Guide and has helped hundreds of people and families through the dying process. She has studied Thai massage, yoga, essential oils and meditation, which influence her work. Betsy is also the hostess of Death Cafe Los Angeles.

Betsy is the Founder of Death and the Arts, devoted to creating death positive cultures through the arts by bringing artists together from all over the world to explore the topic of death. She has been featured in the Los Angeles Times, USA Today, MSN, and Forbes. As a speaker at TEDxMalibu her talk was Death and the Desire for a Hollywood Ending.

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Karin: Can you start by describing the work that you do and where it began?

Betsy: I guess it began being a social hospice worker over 20 years ago. 20 years ago, wow! Of just starting to do hospice social work in Los Angeles and falling in love with it and finding it was my calling and my passion. I was able to go into complete strangers' homes and help them to have a good death and to help their families. Usually when people are in crisis they don't know what to do, and I could go in and help them really make sense of it - and help the dying person die without fear and get them to kind of accept what was happening, because no one really knew what to do. And even today people still don't know. There are more resources but people are just lost. And it was such an honor to go in and help people die.

Why do you believe people are afraid of death?

I think people are afraid because we just don't talk about it. If you don't talk about something, you don't know about it. You don't know what it is.

What do people discover when they talk about it?

What their true feelings are, and what their fears are. I find when you talk about things, you can actually really discover what you're thinking. So sitting there and asking people point blank, “What do you think... is there an afterlife? Where do you think you're going? What is your fear? What are your regrets? Who do you want to talk to, is there anyone you want to make things right with?”

For so many people, their biggest fear is that they will be forgotten, and their life didn't mean anything. Nowadays, you can leave things. When I started there wasn't a computer, there wasn't the Internet. There were just photos, and not even digital photos yet. People write stories now; they can do so many things. They like to be able to hear, “You did matter.” You bring the family in, bring their friends in. Have people tell them, “This is what you meant to me.” You help them figure out what they got out of this life, and what they did right and what they feel they did wrong. If they believe they're coming back, what they can do next. It's just endless.

Is this similar to what the Death Cafés are about?

Death Café is different. Death Café is not a support group or a therapy group. It's just a place for people to come together to talk about whatever they want to talk about. There's no topic, no speaker. I just gather 10 people together for about three hours. I just say 'I'm the hostess', and I sit back and let everybody just talk. Maybe someone in their family died, maybe a friend died, and they can't talk about it anywhere with anybody.

My big thing is that I'm not an expert, this is not for me to teach you anything. It's just a time for you guys to get together and talk about whatever is meaningful to you. I don't even say, “What brought you here?” The first half hour people are just getting the food and getting to know each other. We don't even sit down right away and talk. So people are already getting to know each other like as if you're at a party. So it doesn't feel like you're coming and sitting right down in a group of complete strangers.

The three tenets of it are: it's not-for-profit, everything is confidential, and we call it just “be nice to each other.” Just don't steer anybody towards what you believe, everyone be supportive of each other, and that's it. So it's actually really simple.

You can talk about death, life, whatever is meaningful to you. Some want to talk about advance directives or what am I going to do when I'm in the hospital? Or how have I lived my life? What do I want to do with my life, what's really motivating me? Some young moms say, 'Oh I have a baby now and I'm really thinking about death. I've never really thought about it before.' So that's what I'm saying, it can be anything and everything. I never know, I'm always surprised. No two have ever been alike.

How did your work evolve after your hospice work?

What I learned through doing my hospice work is that I'm always very drawn to the spiritual part of it. As a hospice social worker, you're just in that little box doing social work, which is wonderful because you help people with all their issues. But I also through the years have my guru, my meditation, chanting, essential oils, Thai massage, and all these things I've learned through the years that would be helpful to the family, because you're not just working with the dying person, you're working with the family, too. And that's a whole other issue - the caregivers - and supporting them. So it's just putting a vision together of what would work best for the dying and the family.

And then also, the advocacy: just trying to change how we deal with the dying and the caretakers, and everything that's happening in the country, because there's 78 million baby boomers and people are getting older. There are more people with dementia and Alzheimer's. There are not enough people to take care of the dying. People are having to leave their jobs and be caretakers. So what do families do? People are getting involved in it and realizing that there's a crisis. So there are movements everywhere. I love all of them and want to be a part of all of them!

Tell me about your new organization Death and the Arts.

Yeah, I'm so excited. My whole interest in End of Life is: I want people not to be afraid of death. That's what I discovered when I was a hospice social worker. People always said, “God, if I had known about this, talked about it earlier, I wouldn't have these regrets” or “I would have done my life differently, I would have made different choices, I would have enjoyed things.” I just found that over and over and over. People just weren't happy with their lives. And it wasn't until I came in at the end that they really realized it.

So my whole goal is to get people not to have regrets, to live their life now how they want to live it. And the only way to do that is to get people thinking about death, dying and end of life, but they're afraid. So then I saw that movies about end of life were very popular, songs about death and dying, theater and plays, everything. People will go to those things. People will listen to songs. People will go see Julianne Moore in Still Alice about Alzheimer's. She's a young person who got Alzheimer's. That's devastating. There is early onset. They probably wouldn't look at a real person in real life, but it was easier to look at Julianne Moore do it. Or the Stephen Hawking movie about ALS. You know, that actor won best actor. So it's the way people can talk about it without feeling so vulnerable.

So that's where I came up with Death and the Arts. I want to connect people all over the world to each other and do projects. That's what always fascinated me, because in Los Angeles I was exposed to different cultures and how people do death. Like, wow, if we all knew what each other does, then maybe it'd be fascinating to talk about it in a way that's not threatening. So I want to get musicians from all over the world - different countries - to write a song about death. Or the photographers could take picture about what death represents to them. It doesn't have to be a dying person. Just put projects together so everyone can communicate all over the world about it, which is kind of my dream. Because I love learning. I think that people could look at it and not be afraid and start talking about it in that way.

How can people get involved?

If anyone is an artist or wants to contribute something, I have a Facebook page. They can post their own art on there. I want people to start posting things up there now, so people can see what they're doing, and they can write a little thing about it. I'll put projects together, but it's just a place to share.

What's the coolest thing you've discovered in terms of how a culture deals with death, or the ritual around it? Is there anything that was particularly eye opening for you?

I love Day of the Dead. I went down to Mexico in 1995 at the same time I was doing hospice social work. I saw my first Day of the Dead festivals and I was like, “Ahhh.” I fell completely in love with it. They actually go to the cemeteries and honor the dead, so there are parties there. They bring the flowers, they bring the food, they make altars to honor their people. There were plays in Mexico City. There were fireworks. It just blew me away. I loved it. That's my favorite.

It sounds very celebratory.

It's so celebratory, and they're not afraid.

 

To learn more about Betsy Trapasso, visit betsytrapasso.com

To joint the Death and the Arts community, visit the Facebook or Twitter page, or join Betsy's e-list for future updates. If you'd like to be a host of a death cafe, see the guidelines.

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A Conversation with Pat Verducci

This month I had the amazing opportunity to chat about Story Structure (one of my favorite topics!) with Pat Verducci whom I first met at Cinestory's Writers Retreat in the mountains of Idyllwild. In addition to being generous and radiant in spirit, Pat is a screenwriter and story consultant who has taught at Cal State Fullerton, UCLA Extension Writers' Program and most recently at The Daily Love's Writer's Mastermind in Bali, where she helped writers complete their manuscripts in one month.

Scroll down for the full interview, and be sure to look out for the few books Pat mentions if you want to explore Story Structure more deeply.


PAT VERDUCCI is a screenwriter, film director and story consultant. She has written scripts for Touchstone Pictures, Witt Thomas Productions, and Disney's animation division.  She has also worked as a story consultant for Disney/Pixar, brainstorming with writers and directors as part of their story trust. She teaches in UCLA Extension's creative writing program and has guided memoir and novel writers through writing their first drafts in one month at The Daily Love's Writer's Mastermind in Bali. 

You can sign up for her free weekly blog posts about craft and inspiration, and find out more about her consulting services by visiting her website.

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How do you approach teaching Story Structure with your students?

I like to give my students three different models to work with. The first one is “The Hero's Journey,” which is the classic, most deep story structure model, because it originates in our unconscious.

Then I talk about the “Three-Act Structure,” because if the students want to actually make a career out of screenwriting, they need to know how to speak the language of Hollywood. And most people in Hollywood talk in Three-Act Structure. As I do that, I'm showing them how the Three-Act Structure lines up perfectly with The Hero's Journey.

Then I talk about Jule Selbo's 11-Step model. I really like it, because it focuses on the character's goal.

Then I say, “Now pick the one that you like best.”

Then we just start brainstorming action for each of those models, until we get a story that's working, where we can clearly see how the main character has transformed - because for me, it's always about the character and how they change in the story.

What Story Structure model do you personally use?

I like The Hero's Journey. I think that it's the deepest psychological model; and to me, even though it's called the “Hero's” journey, I feel like it's a really female model. Clearly, I'm female, but I have a very strong masculine side. I feel like this model embodies both sides of my brain, and I like that. It gives me the structure that I need, which is the masculine, but it also has that female side, which is all that emotional, psychological stuff built in to the model, which I love. It encompasses both the animus and anima.

There's a reason why it's been around since the beginning of time. It really allows us to tell a story in a way that creates a moment of catharsis for the audience, where all the emotion that has built up throughout the story is purged in the resurrection. It's a very clear structural model. And the great thing about it, too, is that it's a form not a formula. Some of the phases can float around, so there's play and fluidity in it.

What's your take on the Three-Act Structure, compared to the other models?

I love Three-Act Structure. This is what I learned at UCLA Film School. Here's the thing about Three-Act Structure: It clearly establishes Turning Points in a story. In a movie, those are probably the most important landmarks, like the “Inciting Incident,” the “Act One Turning Point,” the “Midpoint,” the “Act Two Turning Point,” and the “Climax.” These are the major beats in any movie. Unless you're making an experimental film, I think that holds true for every movie; that structure is there. So I think that's the strength of Three-Act Structure; it allows you to know that in a movie that has a prescribed length of time, you have these Turning Points that need to happen. And each one propels the Hero's Journey forward in some way.

What I think the Three-Act Structure lacks, which Jule Selbo's 11 Steps and The Hero's Journey supply, is using the character's desire as an engine to drive the Hero through those Turning Points.

The best book I've ever read on Three-Act Structure is Linda Seger's book Making A Good Script GreatShe talks about what a Turning Point is and all the things it needs to do to actually work as a Turning Point. That helped me so much. She has six functions that the Turning Point has to fulfill, and if that moment in the script doesn't fulfill those functions, it's not strong enough. So it gives you a reference and you can say, “Hey, are my Turning Points working properly? And if not, how can I add that one thing that's missing and make it really strong?” She also has a really great chapter on how to create “stakes” for your main character-how to set up that if your main character doesn't get what he or she wants, something important will be lost.  So we feel suspense whether it's a comedy or drama.

Do you think the Three-Act Structure will evolve and change with new mediums for telling stories?

I personally do not and here's why. I think that Three-Act Structure - beginning, middle and end - exists because it's the way we need to have stories told so we get satisfaction from them. Now I'm not talking about non-linear filmmaking, which is a completely different discussion. In Robert McKee's book Story, he has a whole chapter on alternative forms, and most of those forms are a reaction to Three-Act Structure. They're literally taking Three-Act Structure elements and tweaking them. So I actually think that we need stories to be told in a certain way so that we can relate to the character; we get pulled into the question, “Will they get what they want?” And we want to see if they get it or not in a big climax.

I don't know about you, but when I see a movie where the Three-Act Structure is off, and there's no catharsis, I get mad. That's not true if I go to see a movie that's non-linear or if I go to see a Beckett play, I don't expect that. I expect a different experience. But for myself, I think the Three-Act Structure is around and hasn't changed because it works. And it always will. And yeah, people are going to come up with different responses to it, but it's all really just a response to this model.

When you're working with writers, what are some really common mistakes or pitfalls that pop up for you?

The main thing that took me a long time to learn in film school, is that everything comes from what your main character wants. That was my big epiphany - like, “Hey, you know what... I need to know what my main character wants because this is what actually compels them through the narrative, and allows them to hit obstacles.” And because this goal is so difficult to achieve, they have to change to get it. So I always try to tell the people I'm working with, “Hey, this is the secret!” Some people get it right away, and some people it takes a while. I was one of the people it took a while, like I almost didn't believe it - like, “No, I need to have a fancy plot! Lots of cool things that happen.” But really, what I needed was someone who wanted something really badly; and if they had that, and they were determined and went after it, all these fancy plot things happened in response to that.

Do you think all characters know what they want at the beginning?

In some stories they do. If you watch Bridget Jones' Diary, we start at her parents' house, and she's wearing this ugly outfit and she's single and she's pissed. She wants to be with somebody. She's trying to put a brave face on it, but she wants love. So she knows what she wants.

But there are other movies where the main character is just going along in [his or her] ordinary world - like Frodo in the Lord of the Rings - he's in the shire, he's kind of happy, he's just living his life, and then - BOOM - he has to do this thing. He doesn't want to do it, but he's the only one who can. And in undertaking this task, he discovers who he is and what he's made of. He has to destroy the ring. That's the quest, the specific mission.

But here's the thing: underneath that is the emotional want. So I believe, even if you have a main character in the beginning of your movie who doesn't know what they want, you 'the writer' have to know exactly what they want. You have to know exactly what they want emotionally and how the specific goal in the story fulfills that emotional need.

Isn't that going back to the idea that in the beginning the protagonist wants something, typically a more external goal, and then by the end discovers what he or she actually needs, on a deeper, emotional level?

Take Wreck it Ralph: in the beginning he wants to get the medal, because he thinks it'll make him belong. Then by the end, he realizes that what he really needs is to accept himself as he is.

Yes, and like you said, it's the external goal that brings him to that understanding. That's exactly what I'm talking about. You, the writer, know who your character is and what they actually need, but you have this external goal that they go for in the story, and as they pursue this and face obstacles and find their strength, they discover, usually in the climax, what it is that they really value. And lots of times it's about embracing who they are, and accepting who they are.

In The Hero's Journey, in the climax, it's all about the Hero facing the bad guy, called “The Shadow.” Usually The Shadow is the darkness inside the Hero that he or she can't face, so really it's about embracing the darkness inside you and accepting it.

In The Hero's Journey, all the characters in the journey are sort of fractured pieces of the Hero, and by traveling on this journey through the narrative, he or she is pulling all the pieces of him or herself together so at the end of the story they're whole. The Hero's Journey dovetails a lot with Jungian psychology.

The weird thing about storytelling is that there are so many different structural models and terminology, but it's all the same. We're all talking about the same stuff. Each of the models is just describing the same structure in different ways. 

 

To learn more about Pat Verducci, visit patverducci.com

To learn more about The Hero's Journey, you might pick up Christopher Vogler's book The Writers Journey: Mythic Structure for Writers.

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